Stephen Freeland

Stephen Freeland

Professor · Tenured

Department of Biological Sciences Individualized Study

College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences

About

From 1998-2009 I worked primarily as an individual scientific researcher (“PI”) using computers to study the evolutionary origins of the central dogma of molecular biology. This work continues through a focus to explore alternatives to the “alphabet” of 20 amino acids with which genetic material evolved to encode proteins.

Since 2009 I have devoted more time to developing team-based academic projects and programs. In terms of research, this activity occurs around broad questions of astrobiology and abiogenesis. In terms of teaching and administration I work by leading UMBC’s Individualized Study program, INDS and by serving as Associate Dean for Undergraduate Academic Affairs.

Research interests

Abiogenesis: Evolutionary chemical informatics, specifically generating and analyzing amino acid structures beyond those known to biology.

Synthetic biology: Creating informatics tools to collate and analyze the mushrooming world of non-coded amino acids that experimentalists ("wet lab" researchers) have already incorporated into protein synthesis.

Broader active interests are the evolution of fundamental biochemistry, astrobiology, abiogenesis and biosignatures.

Teaching interests

INDS core courses: INDS330, INDS335, INDS399, INDS480, INDS490

BIOL770: Amino Acid Alphabet Evolution

Education

  • Ph D, Genetics — Cambridge University (1998)
    Natural Selection and the Genetic Code
  • MS, Biological computation — University of York (1993)
    Mathematical models of lynx/snowshoe hare population density cycles
  • BA, Zoology — Oxford University (1991)

Publications

  • What Would an Alien Amino Acid Alphabet Look Like and Why? 2023 Astrobiology · 23 (5) · pp. 536-549 S M Brown, V Voráček, Stephen Freeland
  • A broader context for understanding amino acid alphabet optimality 2021 Journal of Theoretical Biology · 520 · pp. 110661 Christopher Mayer-Bacon, Stephen Freeland
  • Extending CoNavigator into a Collaborative Digital Space 2020 Companion of the 2020 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work · Association for Computing Machinery · pp. 127-013 Mark Jarzynski, Donald Engel, Stephen Freeland, Lee R Boot, Mark Murnane, Katrine Lindvig, Line Hillersdal, David Earle
  • Rethinking Abiogenesis: Part 1, Continuity of Life through Time. 2020 Perspectives on Science & Christian Faith · 72 (1) Emily Boring, JB Stump, Stephen Freeland
  • Adaptive properties of the genetically encoded amino acid alphabet are inherited from its subsets 2019 Scientific reports · 9 (1) · pp. 1--9 Melissa Ilardo, Rudrarup Bose, Markus Meringer, Bakhtiyor Rasulev, Natalie Grefenstette, James Stephenson, Stephen Freeland, Richard J Gillams, Christopher J Butch, H James Cleaves
  • Extraordinarily adaptive properties of the genetically encoded amino acids 2015 Scientific reports · 5 (1) · pp. 1--6 Melissa Ilardo, Markus Meringer, Stephen Freeland, Bakhtiyor Rasulev, H James Cleaves, II
  • Testing for adaptive signatures of amino acid alphabet evolution using chemistry space 2014 Journal of Systems Chemistry · 5 (1) · pp. 1--9 Melissa A Ilardo, Stephen Freeland
  • Beyond terrestrial biology: Charting the chemical universe of $alpha$-amino acid structures 2013 Journal of chemical information and modeling · 53 (11) · pp. 2851--2862 Markus Meringer, H James Cleaves, Stephen Freeland
  • Unearthing the root of amino acid similarity 2013 Journal of molecular evolution · 77 (4) · pp. 159--169 James D Stephenson, Stephen Freeland
  • Did evolution select a nonrandom “alphabet” of amino acids? 2011 Astrobiology · 11 (3) · pp. 235--240 Gayle K Philip, Stephen Freeland
  • “Terrestrial” amino acids and their evolution 2009 Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry: Origins and Synthesis of Amino Acids · 1 · pp. 43--75
  • A quantitative investigation of the chemical space surrounding amino acid alphabet formation 2008 Journal of theoretical biology · 250 (2) · pp. 349--361 Yi Lu, Stephen Freeland
  • Could an intelligent alien predict earth’s biochemistry? 2008 Biochemistry and Fine-Tuning · pp. 280
  • Fitness of the cosmos for life 2008 Biochemistry and fine tuning. Cambridge U. Press John D Barrow, Simon Conway Morris, Stephen Freeland, Charles L Harper, Jr
  • On the evolution of the standard amino-acid alphabet 2006 Genome biology · 7 (1) · pp. 1--6 Yi Lu, Stephen Freeland
  • Simplified gene synthesis: a one-step approach to PCR-based gene construction 2006 Journal of biotechnology · 124 (3) · pp. 496--503 Gang Wu, Julie B Wolf, Ameer F Ibrahim, Stephanie Vadasz, Muditha Gunasinghe, Stephen Freeland
  • Testing the potential for computational chemistry to quantify biophysical properties of the non-proteinaceous amino acids 2006 Astrobiology · 6 (4) · pp. 606--624 Yi Lu, Stephen Freeland
  • The standard genetic code enhances adaptive evolution of proteins 2006 Journal of theoretical biology · 239 (1) · pp. 63--70 Wen Zhu, Stephen Freeland
  • Adaptive evolution of the genetic code 2004 The genetic code and the origin of life · Springer · pp. 201--220 Rob D Knight, Stephen Freeland, Laura F Landweber
  • Evolution encoded 2004 Scientific American · 290 (4) · pp. 84--91 Stephen Freeland, Laurence D Hurst
  • The case for an error minimizing standard genetic code 2003 Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere · 33 (4) · pp. 457--477 Stephen Freeland, Tao Wu, Nick Keulmann
  • Three fundamentals of the biological genetic algorithm 2003 Genetic programming theory and practice · Springer · pp. 303--311
  • The Darwinian genetic code: an adaptation for adapting? 2002 Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines · 3 (2) · pp. 113--127
  • Rewiring the keyboard: evolvability of the genetic code 2001 Nature Reviews Genetics · 2 (1) · pp. 49--58 Robin D Knight, Stephen Freeland, Laura F Landweber
  • Do proteins predate DNA? 1999 Science · 286 (5440) · pp. 690--692 Stephen Freeland, Robin D Knight, Laura F Landweber
  • Selection, history and chemistry: the three faces of the genetic code 1999 Trends in biochemical sciences · 24 (6) · pp. 241--247 Robin D Knight, Stephen Freeland, Laura F Landweber
  • The genetic code is one in a million 1998 Journal of molecular evolution · 47 (3) · pp. 238--248 Stephen Freeland, Laurence D Hurst
  • Fitness compensation and the evolution of selfish cytoplasmic elements 1997 Heredity · 78 (4) · pp. 391--402 Stephen Freeland, BRIDGET K McCABE